μ= absolute or dynamic viscosityġ4 Figure 1.5 (p. Linear variation of shearing stress with rate of shearing strain for common fluids. Shear stressτ occurs at the plate-material interface at equilibrium, P=τA velocity gradient, du / dy =U/b Fluid sticks to the wall=no-slip condition as Rate of shearing strain 14) Behavior of a fluid placed between two parallel plates. (b) Forces acting on upper plate.ġ2 Figure 1.3 (p.
13) (a) Deformation of material placed between two parallel plates. A fluid with low viscosity flows easily because its molecular makeup results in very little friction when it is in motion.ġ1 Fluid motion can cause shearing stressesįigure 1.2 (p.A fluid with large viscosity resists motion because its molecular makeup gives it a lot of internal friction. It describes the internal friction of a moving fluid. When the tank is filled with air at a gage pressure of 50 psi, determine the density of the air and the weight of air in the tank.Ĩ Example 3 Determine the density, specific gravity and mass of the air in a room whose dimensions are 4 m x 5 m x 6 m at 100 kPa and 25 Cĩ Viscosity Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. R LV5 Ts are expressed in Kelvin or Rankine Lisa Vink, ħ Example 2 A compressed air tank has a volume of 0.84 ft 3. R is different for each gas and is determined from R=Ru/M where Ru is the universal gas constant, Ru=8.314 kJ/kmol.K=1.986 Btu/lbmol. Gases are highly compressible, gas density changes with pressure and temperature as, where p is the absolute pressure, ρ the density, T is absolute temperature, and R is gas constant Pressure units: lb/ft2 (psf) lb/in2 (psi) N/m2 (Pa) Standard sea-level atmospheric pressure – 14.7 psi kPa Gage pressure + atmospheric pressure = absolute pressureĥ Ts are expressed in Kelvin or Rankine Lisa Vink,.10) Density of water as a function of temperature.Ĥ Ideal/Perfect Gas Law /Equation of State Determine its density and specific weight at this temperature in both BG and SI units,ģ Figure 1.1 (p. Specific Gravity = density of the fluid/density of waterĢ Example 1 The specific gravity of mercury at 80 0C isġ3.4.Specific weight= weight/volume (lb/ft3 N/m3).Specific volume (volume per unit mass),.The density of water varies somewhat with temperature and pressure, and is higher for salt water than fresh water, 1 pound per cubic foot = 16.0184634 kg / m 3 andġ kg/m 3 = 0.0624279605 pounds per cubic foot.1 Density, ρ= mass/unitvolume –Slugs/ft3 kg/m3 Ok, if you really need it: The density of water is roughly 62.4 lb per cubic foot. Some dinosours are still asking: What is the density of water in English units? Sea water has 30000 to 40000 ppm (parts per million) = mg/L salinity. The maximum density of pure water at a pressure of one standard atmosphere is 999.972 kg/m 3 at a temperature of 3.98 ☌ (277.13 K), that is 0.999 972 kg/L.Ĭalculation of water density (density of water H 2O) Water temperature Maximum density of pure water was 1.000 kg/L. Helium has a density of 0.1785 kg/m 3 = 0.1785 g/L = 0.0001785 kg/dm 3 = 0.0001785 kg/L =įrom 1901 to 1964, a litre was defined as exactly the volume of 1 kg of water at maximum density, and the Water has a density of 1000 kg/m 3 = 1000 g/L = 1 kg/dm 3 = 1 kg/L = 1 g/cm 3 = 1 g/mL. The correct SI unit of denstity of water is " ρ = 1000 kg/m 3". Water is the reference with its highest density at 3.98☌ ( ρ = 1 g/cm 3) Many people still use g/cm 3 (gram per cubic centimeter) or kg/L (kilograms per liter) to measure density. You can also enter the density in g/cm³, the mass in g, and the volume in cm³.ĭensity conversion factors from non-SI units Unit Please enter two values, the third value will be calculated. You will see the program but the function will not work. This program converts English and American measures to metric units The used browser does not support JavaScript.